Holder For Multiple Reference Standards For Calibrating A Measurement System

ABSTRACT

A holder is configured to hold multiple reference standards for calibrating a measurement system. The holder includes a first receptacle that is configured to receive a first reference standard. The holder includes a second receptacle that is configured to receive a second reference standard. The holder includes a calibration jig that is configured to facilitate a bijective determination of a position and orientation of the holder in space.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/915,164 filed Mar. 8, 2018, which claims priority to German PatentApplication No. 10 2017 105 170.8 filed Mar. 10, 2017. The entiredisclosures of the applications referenced above are incorporated byreference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to calibrating a measurement system.

BACKGROUND

Conventionally, measurement systems have to be calibrated before use.However, in many measurement systems, such a calibration should becarried out not only prior to first use but also at regular intervalsthereafter in order to ensure that the measurement values supplied bythe measurement system continue to be reliable.

Usually, a measurement system is calibrated with the aid of so-calledreference standards, which are also referred to as standards. Areference standard or standard (referred to uniformly as “referencestandard” below) is a metrological comparison object that serves tocalibrate a defined measurement variable that should be measured withthe aid of the measurement system. The reference standard represents themeasurement variable to be calibrated in a form that is defined asexactly as possible. The reference standard should set, embody, maintainor reproduce the respective unit (preferably SI unit) of the measurementvariable to be calibrated.

An example of such a reference standard and a measurement system that iscalibrated using such a reference standard is a roughness standard,which is used to calibrate a roughness measuring machine. As issuggested by the name, roughness measuring machines are used todetermine roughness characteristics of workpieces. A roughness measuringmachine is usually calibrated by way of a measurement using a roughnessstandard with a known or certified Ra value, which is also referred toas average roughness value or arithmetic average roughness value.

An example of a roughness measuring machine with an associated roughnessstandard, which is used for the calibration thereof, is known from DE103 34 219 B3. In this example, the reference standard is arranged in apocket securely on a receptacle device which is provided in an innerwall of the roughness measuring machine. As a result, the test face ofthe reference standard should be protected against dirtying and damagebut nevertheless be easily accessible.

In other exemplary roughness measuring machines, the roughness standardsare arranged under a hood in order to protect these from dirtying.

The currently known solutions are disadvantageous in that thereplacement of the reference standards is usually very complicated.Against the backdrop that many reference standards are very sensitiveand therefore already consumed after a few hundredmeasurements/calibrations, in part even after slightly more than 50measurements, a complicated replaceability may lead to significant timeand hence also cost disadvantages for the user.

However, the aforementioned problems may not only be observed inroughness measuring machines with roughness standards, but also occur inthe same or a similar way in other measurement systems withcorresponding standards. A further example of this type is a tactileand/or optical coordinate measuring machine which is calibrated with theaid of a form standard and/or an optical standard.

In addition to a complicated replaceability of such reference standards,space and/or accessibility problems also occur frequently as a result ofthe type of attachment of the reference standards to the measurementsystem. In the coordinate measuring machines, the reference standardsare often attached in the vicinity of the interchange cartridge of themeasurement sensors. Even though this is by all means space saving, itusually leads to a slightly restricted accessibility to the referencestandard.

A restricted angle orientation as a result of a limited measurementvolume or a complete use of the measurement volume by the workpiece tobe measured, and specific requirements in respect of the angle positionof the reference standard relative to the measuring sensor to becalibrated often still further increase the demands on the attachment ofthe reference standard to the measurement system.

SUMMARY

It is an object to provide a holder for reference standards, by means ofwhich the aforementioned disadvantages can be avoided. Here, inparticular, the arrangement of the reference standards within themeasurement system and the replaceability of the reference standardsshould be simplified. Moreover, it is an object to provide acorresponding calibration method, in which such a holder is used.

According to a first aspect, a holder for a plurality of referencestandards for calibrating a measurement system is presented, wherein theholder comprises a first receptacle in which a first reference standardis arranged and a second receptacle in which a second reference standardis arranged, wherein the first receptacle is arranged on a first side ofthe holder, and the second receptacle is arranged on a second side ofthe holder facing away from the first side of the holder.

According to a second aspect, a measurement system is presented whichcomprises a holder of the aforementioned type.

According to a third aspect, a calibration method is presented whichcomprises the following steps:

-   -   providing a measurement system having at least one optical        and/or tactile measuring sensor;    -   providing a holderhaving a first receptacle and a second        receptacle, wherein the first receptacle is arranged on a first        side of the holder, and the second receptacle is arranged on a        second side of the holder facing away from the first side of the        holder;    -   inserting a first reference standard into the first receptacle;    -   inserting a second reference standard into the second        receptacle; and    -   calibrating the measurement system using the first reference        standard and/or the second reference standard.

The herein presented holder has at least two receptacles, in which onereference standard can be fastened in each case. The fastening ispreferably a detachable fastening. Therefore, the reference standardsare very easily replaceable, and so one reference standard can bereplaced by another one, for example in the case of wear.

The option of being able to receive at least two reference standardsoffers the advantage that two different reference standards can be madeavailable in a measurement system at the same time in order, forexample, to calibrate two different measurement variables thereby. It islikewise possible to insert two of the same reference standards into theholder such that a replacement need not occur immediately when onereference standard is worn out; instead, it is initially possible tocontinue to use the other (second) respective reference standard.Moreover, it is possible to arrange reference standards on two differentsides of the holder (denoted herein as “first side” and “second side”)in order to determine and eliminate possible influences by the spatialorientation of the measurement.

In a refinement, the second side of the holder is arranged opposite thefirst side of the holder. Arranging the two reference standards onopposite sides of the holder offers the advantage that one of the tworeference standards (i.e. the reference standard that is currently notin use) is protected from damage or dirtying by dust or the like duringthe use of the other reference standard, since of the two referencestandards may be arranged on the underside of the holder while the otherone is arranged on the upside of the holder.

In a further refinement, the first reference standard is arrangedparallel to the second reference standard.

In a further refinement, each of the first and the second referencestandard comprises a roughness standard, an optical standard or a formstandard.

In a further refinement, the holder comprises a calibration jig, on thebasis of which the pose of the holder, i.e. the position and orientationof the holder in space, is determinable. This calibration jig preferablyhas a plurality of form features which allow a distinct determination ofthe pose of the holder.

In contrast to a securely installed holder, as is conventionally thecase in measurement systems, the calibration jig may offer the option ofarranging the holder, together with the reference standard insertedtherein, with any orientation at a freely selectable position within themeasurement system. It is also possible to change the arrangement of theholder depending on the measurement problem or the form and size of theworkpiece to be measured. Consequently, it is possible to use themeasurement volume or available space within the measurement system inan optimal manner. Hence, in principle, it is also conceivable toposition the holder outside of the measurement volume.

Before a reference standard inserted into the holder is sensed,initially the pose of the holder may be determined on the basis of thecalibration jig. Preferably, the calibration jig is configured in such away that the pose of the holder is distinctively determinable with theaid of a tactile probe head which only approaches the calibration jig.

According to a refinement, the first and the second receptacle arerespectively configured as recesses.

The first and the second receptacle preferably have an exactly definedand temporally unchanging position and orientation relative to thecalibration jig.

This ensures that, if the position and orientation of the calibrationjig or of the holder are determined, the position and orientation of thefirst and second receptacle, and hence position and orientation of thereference standards inserted therein, are known.

According to a further refinement, the first receptacle has at least onefirst magnet for detachably fastening the first reference standard.Likewise, according to this refinement, the second receptacle may haveat least one second magnet for detectably fastening the second referencestandard.

Such a detachable fastening with the aid of a magnet facilitates a verysimple and cost-effective fastening, which simultaneously facilitates avery simple and quick replaceability of the reference standards. Inprinciple, it is also possible to use one and the same magnet forfastening both reference standards. In particular, this may be the caseif the reference standards are arranged opposite one another, “back toback” so to speak.

The at least one first magnet may comprise three first magnets and theat least one second magnet may comprise three second magnets.

As a result of this, a mechanically defined and stable support orfastening of the reference standards may be ensured. To this end, thereference standards themselves preferably have a substantiallyplate-shaped configuration.

According to a further refinement, the first receptacle may comprise arecess defined by a first plane base and a first sidewall peripherallysurrounding the first plane base at least in part, wherein a firstopening is provided in the first sidewall. Likewise, the secondreceptacle may comprise a recess defined by a second plane base and asecond sidewall peripherally surrounding the second plane base at leastin part, wherein a second opening is provided in the second sidewall.

Said first and second opening may each serve as a recessed grip forsimplifying the removal of the reference standard. This ensures that thereference standards can be released relatively easily from therespective receptacle of the holder by hand.

According to a further refinement, the calibration jig may have a firstform feature, on the basis of which the position and orientation of theholder can be determined except for one degree of freedom, wherein thesecond calibration jig has a second form feature, on the basis of whicha distinction can be made between the first side of the holder and thesecond side of the holder.

Preferably, the one degree of freedom that cannot be determined on thebasis of the first form feature is the distinction between the first andsecond side of the holder, which can be determined on the basis of thesecond form feature of the calibration jig.

Thus, in order to determine the pose of the holder, the first formfeature may be initially approached and sensed with the aid of a tactileprobe head, and the second form feature may be sensed thereafter. Afterthis, the pose of the holder is unambiguously determined.

Preferably, the first form feature is spatially separated from thesecond form feature, for example by a through hole provided in theholder.

According to an exemplary configuration, the first form feature of thecalibration jig has a substantially U-shaped or bowl-shaped face, whichconsists of a single continuous face or has a plurality of assembledindividual faces.

Such U-shaped or bowl-shaped faces offer the advantage of being easilyaccessible in a multiplicity of poses of the holder with the aid of atactile stylus for the purposes of probing said faces.

According to a further refinement, the second form feature has a firstplane face, which faces to the first side of the holder, and a secondplane face, which faces to the second side of the holder, wherein thefirst plane face is inclined at a first angle in relation to a normaldirection that is orthogonal to a first plane base of the firstreceptacle, and wherein the second plane face is inclined at a secondangle in relation to said normal direction, said second angle beingunequal to said first angle.

In this way, it is thus possible to clearly distinguish between thefirst side and the second side of the holder with the aid of a tactilestylus. This is because the respective side is uniquely identifiable onthe basis of the angle of the first or second plane face. Thecalculation of this angle and the determination of the pose of theholder by probing with the aid of a tactile stylus can be effectuated,for example, on the basis of a method developed by the applicant, whichis described in DE 10 2007 013 633 A1.

Here, reference is made to the fact that, in place of a U-shaped orbowl-shaped area and two mutually inclined plane areas as first andsecond form features of the calibration jig, use can also be made ofother form features without departing from the spirit and scope of thepresent invention. The aforementioned form features are only mentionedhere as examples of a multiplicity of different options.

However, following the principle of the aforementioned form features ofthe calibration jig, it is preferable for the first form feature to bemirror-symmetrical in relation to a central plane of the holder, saidcentral plane being arranged between the first side and the second sideand dividing the holder into two parts of approximately the same size,wherein the second form feature is asymmetrical in relation to thiscentral plane.

According to a further refinement, the holder may further have a thirdreceptacle for fastening a third reference standard and a fourthreceptacle for fastening a fourth reference standard, wherein the thirdreceptacle is arranged on the first side of the holder next to the firstreceptacle, and wherein the fourth receptacle is arranged on the secondside of the holder next to the second receptacle.

A total of four receptacles facilitate the attachment of differentreference standards for one and the same measurement variable to becalibrated or for different measurement variables to be calibrated. Witha total of four receptacles provided on the holder, it is preferable forthe holder to be mirror-symmetrical in relation to a plane of symmetrywhich divides the holder into a first holder half, which has the firstand second receptacle, and a second holder half, which has the third andfourth receptacle.

According to a further refinement, the holder further has a cylindricalthrough hole.

This through hole can be used for a row of very different fasteningauxiliary means, with the aid of which the holder can be fastened to anyposition on the measurement system. By way of example, it is possible toinsert an M10-M12 screw here, for fastening to a base plate of acoordinate measuring machine. It is likewise possible to provide asleeve for tapering on an M6 thread for fastening to calibration sphereholders. Moreover, with the aid of fastening a sliding block, it ispossible to attach the holder according to the invention laterally toprofiles of probe interchange magazine holders of a coordinate measuringmachine.

It goes without saying that the aforementioned features and those yet tobe explained below can be used not only in the combination specified ineach case but also in other combinations or on their own, withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An exemplary embodiment of the herein presented holder is illustrated inthe following drawings and explained in more detail in the followingdescription. In the Figures:

FIG. 1 shows a first perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of theholder;

FIG. 2 shows a second perspective view of the exemplary embodiment ofthe holder;

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1and 2;

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the first side of the holder, but withoutreference standards inserted therein;

FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the second side of the holder, also withoutreference standards inserted therein;

FIG. 6 shows the sectional view A-A indicated in FIG. 3; and

FIG. 7 shows the sectional view B-B indicated in FIG. 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1-7 show different views of an exemplary embodiment of the holderaccording to the invention. Therein, the holder is denoted overall bythe reference sign 10. In contrast to FIGS. 1-3 and 6-7, FIGS. 4 and 5show the holder 10 without reference standards 12 inserted therein.

The exemplary embodiment of the holder 10 shown in FIGS. 1-7 facilitatesthe reception of a total of four reference standards, which are providedwith the reference signs 12, 12′, 12″, 12′″ in order to distinguishtherebetween.

FIG. 1 shows the holder 10 in a perspective view from the top. FIG. 2shows the holder 10 in a perspective view from the bottom.

According to the shown exemplary embodiment, the holder 10 has asubstantially mirror-symmetrical configuration, with the mirror symmetryin the present case being provided in respect of the sectional plane B-Billustrated in FIG. 3. By contrast, the first side 14 does not have anexactly identical or symmetrical design in relation to the second side16. The differences or the deviations from this symmetry will still bediscussed in more detail below with reference to FIG. 7.

On the first side 14, the holder 10 has a first receptacle 18 forfastening the first reference standard 12 (see FIGS. 1 and 4). On thesecond side 16, the holder 10 has a second receptacle 18′ for fasteningthe second reference standard 12′ (see FIGS. 2 and 5). According to theshown exemplary embodiment, a third receptacle 18″ for a third referencestandard 12″ is provided on the first side 14, and a fourth receptacle18′″ for a fourth reference standard 12′″ is provided on the second side16. The third and fourth receptacles 18″,18′″ are, however, optional.

The fastening of the reference standards 12 within the receptacles 18provided on the holder 10 has a detachable configuration such that eachreference standard 12 can be detached from the holder individually andpreferably by hand. This ensures a simple replaceability of thereference standards 12. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS.1-7, the detachable fastening of the reference standards 12 iseffectuated on the basis of a plurality of magnets 20, 20′, 20″,20′″. Ineach case, three magnets 20, 20′, 20″, 20′″ are provided per receptacle18, 18′, 18″, 18′″. The magnets 20 provided in the first receptacle 18are referred to as first magnets 20 in the present case, whereas themagnets 20′ provided in the second receptacle 18′ are referred to assecond magnets 20′. With the aid of these three magnets per receptacle,there thus consequently is a type of three-point bearing for eachreference standard 12, 12′, 12″, 12′″.

In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the receptacles 18, 18′, 18″,18′″ provided on the holder 10 are each configured as recesses 22, 22′,22″, 22′″. A base 24, 24′, 24″, 24′″ on which the magnets 20, 20′, 20″,20′″ are respectively arranged, forms the respective bottom of each ofthese recesses 22, 22′, 22″, 22′″ provided on the holder 10.

As is further clear from FIGS. 4 and 5, each of the four recesses 22,22′, 22″, 22′″ provided at the holder 10 is surrounded peripherally by asidewall 26, 26′, 26″, 26′″. In the present exemplary embodiment,respectively two openings 28, 28′ are provided in these sidewalls 26,26′, 26″, 26′″, said openings 28, 28′ serving as recessed grips whichshould ease the removal of the reference standards 12, 12′, 12″, 12′″from the respective receptacle 18, 18′, 18″, 18′″. These recessed grips28, 28′ are preferably not only configured as openings in the sidewalls26, 26′, 26″, 26′″ of the receptacles 18, 18′, 18″, 18′″ but alsoconfigured as recesses in the bases 24, 24′, 24″, 24′″ of thereceptacles 18, 18′, 18″, 18′″.

The holder 10 further has a calibration jig 30, which facilitates anunambiguous determination of the position and orientation of the holder10 with the aid of a tactile stylus. Preferably, the calibration jig 30facilitates the determination of the pose of the holder 10 on the basisof five instances of probing or fewer, particularly preferably alreadyon the basis of only three instances of probing. In the presentexemplary embodiment, this calibration jig 30 has two form features,which are denoted by reference signs 32 and 34 in the drawings. Thefirst form feature 32, which has a substantially U-shaped face in thepresently shown exemplary embodiment, facilitates the determination ofthe pose of the holder with the aid of a tactile stylus, wherein alldegrees of freedom apart from one degree of freedom can be determinedthereon. The missing degree of freedom, which cannot be determined bythe first form feature 32 of the calibration jig 30, is the distinctionbetween first side 14 and second side 16 of the holder 10. The firstform feature 32 of the calibration jig 30 has the same design on thefirst side 14 and on the second side 16, as is clear from the comparisonof FIGS. 1 and 2 and from FIG. 7, and hence it is mirror symmetric inrelation to an imaginary central plane of the holder 10, which isarranged between the first side 14 and the second side 16 and which isindicated in FIG. 7 using the dashed line 36.

The distinction between first side 14 and second side to 16 can likewisebe effectuated with the aid of a tactile stylus, but on the basis of thesecond form feature 34 of the calibration jig 30. In contrast to thefirst form feature 32, the second form feature 34 has an asymmetricconfiguration in relation to the central plane 36. In the shownexemplary embodiment of the holder 10 according to the invention, thesecond form feature 34 has a first plane face 38 and a second plane face40. It is clear from FIG. 7, in particular, that these two plane faces38, 40 have a different inclination. More precisely, the two plane faces38, 40 are inclined with differently large angles in relation to thecentral plane 36. In the presently shown exemplary embodiment, the firstplane face 38, which faces the first side 14 of the holder 10, includesa comparatively smaller angle with the central plane 36 than the secondplane face 40, which faces the second side 16 of the holder 10.

Thus, the angle of these two faces 38, 40 can be determined by probingone of the latter and consequently it is possible to distinguish betweenfirst side 14 and second side 16 of the holder 10.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the two form features 32, 34 of thecalibration jig 30 are spatially separated from one another by a throughhole 42. However, this need not necessarily be the case.

When calibrating a measurement system on the basis of a referencestandard 12 that is fastened to the holder 10 according to theinvention, the pose of the holder 10 is initially determined with theaid of the calibration jig 30, and so not only the pose of the holder 10but also the pose of the reference standard 12 fastened thereto issubsequently known. Such a calibration or determination of the pose canbe effectuated on the basis of the principles described in DE 10 2007013 633 A1.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the calibration of the pose of theholder 10 with the aid of a tactile probe head may include the followingsteps:

-   -   1. First of all, the first form feature 32 of the calibration        jig 30 is probed with the aid of a tactile stylus. To this end,        the base of the U-shaped face, which forms the first form        feature 32, is preferably probed. The base of the U-shaped face        is understood to mean the central of the three portions of the        U.    -   2. Then, from this point of the base of the U-shaped face, three        points are probed with slight offset in order to determine a        first plane. In order also to determine a second plane in        addition to this first plane, said second plane being aligned        parallel to the support face 24 of the reference standards 12,        the side faces of the U-shaped recess are likewise probed—this        point is not mandatory if the force vector measured at the probe        head is accurate enough.    -   3. Thereupon, the probe head is returned to the initial point.    -   4. Now, there is a projection of the shaft vector into the        second plane and moving out of the U along the projected vector.    -   5. Then, there is travel over the upper reference plane in the        direction of the plane normal of the second plane and probing in        the direction of the projected vector.    -   6. Two further points are placed around the probe point and the        upper reference plane is determined thereby.    -   7. In the same way, the probe head is then returned to the        initial point and probing is carried out once on the lateral        plane. The probing direction emerges from the cross product of        the two plane normals (direction). The sign emerges from the        cosine between the shaft vector and the generated direction.    -   8. This probe point is successively projected into the two        measured planes; as a result, the upper corner emerges—the        rotation matrix emerges from the two planes.    -   9. The position of the holder 10 emerges by displacing the        corner to the defined 0.

The holder 10 further has a substantially cylindrical through hole 44(see FIGS. 4 and 5), which, in particular, can be used to fasten theholder 10. As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2, for example, it is possibleto insert e.g. a correspondingly formed sleeve 46 into this through hole44, wherein the sleeve 46 has a female thread into which a screw 48 canbe screwed. In this way, the holder 10 either can be screwed directlyinto a corresponding female thread, which is provided at any desiredposition on the measurement system, or else it can be positioned at anydesired position with the aid of a different fastening arrangement.

As is further clear from the drawings, each of the four receptacles 18is labeled by a corresponding marking. In the present example, thesemarkings are realized by the numerals 1 to 4. However, in principle,this can also be effectuated by a different type of marking, for exampleby a pictogram.

The reference standards 12 have a substantially plate-shapedconfiguration in the present exemplary embodiment. It is clear fromFIGS. 4 and 5, in particular, that each receptacle 18 has some type ofpoka-yoke feature such that each reference standard 12 can only beinserted into the respective receptacle 18 in a defined position. In thepresent exemplary embodiment, this is realized by a beveled corner 50.

On its surface, each reference standard 12 has a test area 52. In thecase of a configuration of the reference standard 12 as a roughnessstandard, this test area 52 has a surface with an exactly definedroughness. The position of the test area 52 should likewise be exactlydefined such that the pose of the test area 52 is also known by way ofthe pose of the holder 10 that was determined by means of theaforementioned calibration. Preferably, the associated data in respectof the size and orientation of the test area 52 are supplied to the useron a separate medium, for example on a USB stick or in an electronicallytransmitted XML file. These data can then be read directly into themeasurement system in which the holder 10 and the correspondingreference standard 12 are used. Naturally, these data should alsocontain the corresponding measurement variable to be calibrated and thenature of the test area 52.

However, explicit reference is made to the fact that the holderaccording to the invention is suitable not only for fastening roughnessstandards but also other standards, for example for fastening opticalstandards or form standards.

In summary, therefore, the holder 10 offers the following advantages:Firstly, a plurality of standards 12 can be attached thereto at the sametime. Likewise, a simple replaceability of the standards 12 is ensured.On account of the option of being able to unambiguously determine thepose of the holder 10 on the basis of the calibration jig 30 with theaid of a tactile stylus, the holder 10 can be arranged at any positionwith a freely selectable orientation on the measurement system. Thereference standards 12′, 12′″ arranged on the second side 16 of theholder 10, in particular, are exposed to reduced dirtying. Moreover, theholder 10 can be freely equipped with very different referencestandards.

Further, reference is made to the fact that the aforementioned symmetryproperties need not necessarily be satisfied. In principle, embodimentswith an odd multiplicity of receptacles 18, for example with threereceptacles 18, five receptacles 18 or more, are also conceivable.Likewise, in an exemplary embodiment, only two receptacles 18, 18′ areprovided, one on each of the two opposite sides (first side 14 andsecond side 16). This corresponds to the exemplary embodiment shown inthe figures, with provision only being made of the first receptacle 18and the second receptacle 18′.

What is claimed is:
 1. A holder for a plurality of reference standardsfor calibrating a measurement system, the holder comprising: a firstreceptacle that is configured to receive a first reference standard; asecond receptacle that is configured to receive a second referencestandard; and a calibration jig that is configured to facilitate abijective determination of a position and orientation of the holder inspace.
 2. The holder of claim 1, wherein each of the first receptacleand the second receptacle is configured as a separate recess.
 3. Theholder of claim 1, wherein: the first receptacle comprises a first planebase and the second receptacle comprises a second plane base, and thefirst plane base and the second plane base lie in a common first plane.4. The holder of claim 1, wherein: the first receptacle comprises atleast one first magnet that is configured to detachably fasten the firstreference standard, and the second receptacle comprises at least onesecond magnet that is configured to detachably fasten the secondreference standard.
 5. The holder of claim 3, wherein: the firstreceptacle comprises at least one first magnet that is fastened to thefirst plane base and configured to detachably fasten the first referencestandard, and the second receptacle comprises at least one second magnetthat is fastened to the second plane base and configured to detachablyfasten the second reference standard.
 6. The holder of claim 3, wherein:the first receptacle comprises a first recess, the second receptaclecomprises a second recess, the first recess has a first sidewall thatperipherally surrounds the first plane base at least in part, a firstopening is provided in the first sidewall, the second recess has asecond sidewall that peripherally surrounds the second plane base atleast in part, and a second opening is provided in the second sidewall.7. The holder of claim 1, wherein: the calibration jig comprises a firstform feature configured to enable a determination of the position andorientation of the holder except for one degree of freedom, and thecalibration jig comprises a second form feature configured to enable adistinction between a first side of the holder and a second side of theholder opposite the first side.
 8. The holder of claim 7, wherein: thefirst form feature is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a central planeof the holder, the central plane is arranged between the first side andthe second side and divides the holder into two parts of substantiallysame size, and the second form feature is asymmetrical with respect tothe central plane.
 9. The holder of claim 7, wherein the first formfeature comprises a U-shaped or bowl-shaped face.
 10. The holder ofclaim 7, wherein: the second form feature comprises a first plane facethat faces the first side of the holder and a second plane face thatfaces the second side of the holder, the first plane face is inclined ata first angle with respect to a normal direction that is orthogonal to afirst plane base of the first receptacle, the second plane face isinclined at a second angle with respect to the normal direction, and thesecond angle is unequal to the first angle.
 11. The holder of claim 1,wherein: the holder further comprises a third receptacle that isconfigured to receive a third reference standard and a fourth receptaclethat is configured to receive a fourth reference standard, the firstreceptacle and the second receptacle are arranged on a first side of theholder, and the third receptacle and the fourth receptacle are arrangedon a second side of the holder opposite the first side.
 12. The holderof claim 11, wherein: the first receptacle has a first plane base, thesecond receptacle has a second plane base, the third receptacle has athird plane base, the fourth receptacle has a fourth plane base, thefirst plane base and the second plane base lie in a common first plane,and the third plane base and the fourth plane base lie in a commonsecond plane that is parallel to the common first plane.
 13. The holderof claim 1, further comprising a cylindrical through hole.
 14. Theholder of claim 1, wherein: the first reference standard is detachablyfastened in the first receptacle, and the second reference standard isdetachably fastened in the second receptacle.
 15. The holder of claim14, wherein the first reference standard is arranged parallel to thesecond reference standard.
 16. The holder of claim 14, wherein: thefirst reference standard comprises at least one of a roughness standard,an optical standard, and a form standard, and the second referencestandard comprises at least one of a roughness standard, an opticalstandard, and a form standard.
 17. A measurement system comprising: aholder for a plurality of reference standards for calibrating themeasurement system, wherein the holder comprises: a first receptaclethat is configured to receive a first reference standard; a secondreceptacle that is configured to receive a second reference standard;and a calibration jig that is configured to facilitate a bijectivedetermination of a position and orientation of the holder in space. 18.A calibration method comprising: providing a measurement system havingat least one of an optical sensor and a tactile measuring sensor;providing a holder comprising a first receptacle in which a firstreference standard is arranged, a second receptacle in which a secondreference standard is arranged, and a calibration jig that is configuredto facilitate a bijective determination of a position and orientation ofthe holder in space; determining the position and orientation of theholder by using the calibration jig and the at least one of the opticalsensor and the tactile measuring sensor; and calibrating the measurementsystem using at least one of the first reference standard and the secondreference standard.